![]() Women in science and engineering still found the culture off-putting, and while colleges dramatically increased their enrolment of women in these fields, many women found themselves in classrooms mostly filled with men, some of whom were openly hostile to their presence. Supporters of the legislation hoped that it would spur social change, but culture was not so easily changed. It also extended the scope of affirmative action, mandating that all executive branch agencies also comply with the act. Specifically, it empowered the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to take enforcement action against individuals, employers, and labor unions that violated the employment provisions of the 1964 Act, and expanded the jurisdiction of the commission to deal with them. The enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 gave teeth to the promise of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to address the persistent and entrenched employment discrimination against women, African Americans and other minority groups in American society. They reshaped the image of the American astronaut into one that more closely resembled the diversity of American society, and opened the doors for others that would follow.īackground Equal employment opportunity at NASA The careers of the TFNGs would span the entire Space Shuttle Program. This is second only to the New Nine class of 1962, which received seven. These four, plus Shannon Lucid, received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, giving this astronaut class five total recipients of this top NASA award. Instead, starting with this group, new selections were considered astronaut candidates rather than fully-fledged astronauts until they finished their training.įour members of this group, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, and Ronald McNair, died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. It also ceased appointing astronauts on selection. NASA stopped sending non-pilots for one year of pilot training. The group consisted of 15 pilots, all test pilots, and 20 mission specialists. In Astronaut Group 8, two different kinds of astronaut were selected: pilots and mission specialists. Since then, a new group of candidates has been selected roughly every two years. Due to the long delay between the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972 and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, few astronauts from the older groups remained, and they were outnumbered by the newcomers, who became known as the Thirty-Five New Guys (TFNG). The class was the first to include female and minority astronauts of the 35 selected, six were women, one of them being Jewish American, three were African American, and one was Asian American. It was the first NASA selection since Group 6 in 1967, and was the largest group to that date. NASA Astronaut Group 8 was a group of 35 astronauts announced on January 16, 1978. ![]() Main article: List of astronauts by selection ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |